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One of the things I’m having a hard time understanding is how the compiler works. I’m having a lot of difficulties with it, but in particular I keep getting headers and libraries mixed up. If somebody could clear things up a bit, that’d be great.
Think of both like this (Disclaimer: this is a really high-level analogy 😉 ..
It’s the fundamental difference between “interface” and “implementation”; the interface (header) tells you how to call some functionality (without knowing how it works), while the implementation (library) is the actual functionality.
Note: The concept is so fundamental, because it allows you flexibility: you can have the same header for different libraries (i.e. the functionality is exactly called in the same way), and each library may implement the functionality in a different way. By keeping the same interface, you can replace the libraries without changing your code.
And: you can change the implementation of the library without breaking the calling code!