… operating system, file system, etc.
Or are there cases, where the hash differs?
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The hash of a bit string is the same regardless of operating system, file system etc. It is the product of a series of mathematical operations on that string.
However, be advised that this holds only for files that are identical bit-by-bit. For instance, most text files on Windows have
\r\nas line breaks, whereas on Linux it is usually only\n. There could also be differences in the encoding of text files.In other words, hash algorithms tell if two files are binarily equal, not if they are semantically equal.
Also, be careful when using MD5. It is broken beyond repair. You should almost certainly be using a newer algorithm, such as SHA256.