Question

Possible Duplicate:
Circular Dependencies / Incomplete Types

writing a litte c++ program and be confused….

got 4 classes, 2 important for this error…

got the error message “field ‘dot’ has incomplete type” in Line 13 and “expected ‘;’ befor ‘(‘ token” in same Line

The Error seems to start in the Vector3.cpp, where only the include of the Vector3.h and the empty methodes

deleted the include “Vector3.h” in the Normal3 Header, thought will be running in a circle… not so well…

some ideas? hope so 🙂 and ty for answers

Here are my two important classes:

#ifndef NORMAL3_H
#define NORMAL3_H


class Normal3 {


      public:

      double x, y, z;
      Normal3 mul(Normal3 n);
      Normal3 add(Normal3 n);
      Normal3 dot(Vector3 v); //Line 13

      Normal3(double x = 0, double y = 0, double z = 0)
                     : x(x), y(y), z(z)
      { }   

};

#endif //NORMAL3_H

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAND

#ifndef VECTOR3_H
#define VECTOR3_H

#include "Normal3.h"

class Vector3 {

      public:

      double x, y, z, magnitude;

      Vector3 add(Vector3 v);
      Vector3 add(Normal3 n);
      Vector3 sub(Normal3 n);
      Vector3 mul(double c);
      double dot(Vector3 c);
      double dot(Normal3 n);
      Vector3 normalized();
      Normal3 asNormal();
      Vector3 refelctedOn(Normal3 n);

      Vector3(double x = 0, double y = 0, double z = 0, double m = 0)
                     : x(x), y(y), z(z), magnitude(m)
      { }

};

#endif //VECTOR3_H

Answer 1

It just means that the compiler does not know what Vector3 is at that point. If you declare it in advance, the error will disappear:

#ifndef NORMAL3_H
#define NORMAL3_H

class Vector3;  // Add this line

class Normal3 {
  // ...
};

UPDATE: As john says in his comment, it would be a good improvement to replace #include "Normal3.h" in Vector3.h with just another forward declaration, class Normal3;:

#ifndef VECTOR3_H
#define VECTOR3_H

class Normal3; // instead of #include "Normal3.h"

class Vector3 {
  // ...
};

You should try to keep #include directives in your headers to a minimum in order to avoid excessive compilation dependencies. You only need to include a header if it defines a type you are using (usually because a class you are defining has a data member of this type). If you are only using pointers or references to that type or function parameters of that type (as in your example), a forward declaration is enough.