Question

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Could anyone explain these undefined behaviors (i = i++ + ++i , i = i++, etc…)

int main()
{
int a=1;
printf("%d %d %d",a,a++,++a);
return 0;
}

The above code is giving output 3 2 3 why????

Answer 1

This is undefined behaviour

a++, ++a is done in same sequence point and this is undefined behaviour.

From Undefined behavior and sequence points :

In the Standard in §5/4 says

Between the previous and next sequence point a scalar object shall have its stored value modified at most once by the evaluation of
an expression.

What does it mean?

Informally it means that between two sequence points a variable must not be modified more than once. In an expression statement, the next sequence point is usually at the terminating semicolon, and the previous sequence point is at the end of the previous statement. An expression may also contain intermediate sequence points.