Question

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file scope and static floats
What are static variables?

Here is a code from a book.

class X
{
   int i;
public:
   X(int ii = 0) : i(ii) {cout<<i<<endl;} // Default
   ~X() { cout << "X::~X()" << endl; }
};
void f()
{
  static X x1(47);
  static X x2; // Default constructor required
}

int main()
{
  f();

   return 0;
}

My question is why would I like to declare an object as static like in function f()? What would happen if I did not declare x1 and x2 as static?

Answer 1

For this code it makes no difference to the observable behavior of the program.

Change main to call f twice instead of only once, and observe the difference — if the variables are static then only one pair of X objects is ever created (the first time f is called), whereas if they’re not static then one pair of objects is created per call.

Alternatively, change main to print something after calling f. Then observe that with static, the X objects are destroyed after main prints (the static objects live until the end of the program), whereas without static the objects are destroyed before main prints (automatic objects only live until exit from their scope, in this case the function f).