Question

Related question, about assignment-initialization-declaration.

$ javac MatchTest.java 
MatchTest.java:7: ')' expected
  for((int i=-1 && String match="hello"); (i=text.indexOf(match)+1);)
          ^
MatchTest.java:7: ';' expected
  for((int i=-1 && String match="hello"); (i=text.indexOf(match)+1);)
                         ^
MatchTest.java:7: ';' expected
  for((int i=-1 && String match="hello"); (i=text.indexOf(match)+1);)
                                       ^
MatchTest.java:7: not a statement
  for((int i=-1 && String match="hello"); (i=text.indexOf(match)+1);)
                                          ^
MatchTest.java:7: illegal start of expression
  for((int i=-1 && String match="hello"); (i=text.indexOf(match)+1);)
                                                                    ^
5 errors
$ cat MatchTest.java 
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

public class MatchTest {
 public static void main(String[] args){
  String text = "hello0123456789hello0123456789hello1234567890hello3423243423232";
  for((int i=-1 && String match="hello"); (i=text.indexOf(match)+1);)
   System.out.println(i);
 }
}

Answer 1

You can’t declare and initialize a variable of a second type, but you can have multiple variables (possibly with initialization) of the same type.

This is a common idiom of caching a for bound in a local variable:

String s = "Hello";
for (int i = 0, L = s.length(); i < L; i++) {
    System.out.println(s.charAt(i));
} // prints "H", "e", "l", "l", "o"

This is a common idiom for mapping a 1D-2D array:

int[] arr1d = new int[9];
int[][] arr2d = {
    { 1, 2, 3 },
    { 4, 5, 6 },
    { 7, 8, 9 },
};
for (int r = 0, i = 0; r < 3; r++) {
    for (int c = 0; c < 3; c++) {
        arr1d[i++] = arr2d[r][c];
    }
}
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr1d));
// prints "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]"

This idiom of two iterators coming in from both ends is also common:

boolean isPalindrome(String s) {
    for (int i = 0, j = s.length() - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
        if (s.charAt(i) != s.charAt(j)) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}