Some sites are using a bigger caret in Chrome. For example, on Stack Overflow:

Others, such as Google, don’t:

I can’t see anything that appears to define this in the element inspector. How is this done?
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It’s a byproduct of changing the font size, and probably drawing a “thicker” line as a result of subpixel rendering. You can’t directly change it, and you absolutely shouldn’t care about it.