SQL Server’s hashing function HASHBYTES has an input limit of 8000 bytes.
How do you hash larger strings?
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You could hash 8k (or 4k or 2k) chunks of the input and then either concatenate those hashes or hash them into a new hash value. This might get difficult though if you have to create a similar algorithm (in an external .NET app for example) to compare hashes created outside of SQL Server.
Another option: Lean on SQL Server’s CLR integration and perform the hashing in a .NET assembly.