Question

    struct leaf
    {
        int data;
        leaf *l;
        leaf *r;
    };
    struct leaf *p;


void tree::findparent(int n,int &found,leaf *&parent)

This is piece of code of BST. I want to ask. why

 leaf *&parent

Why we need “reference mark” here?

parent is also a leaf, why can’t I just use leaf* parent?

code below for your reference. Thank you!

void tree::findparent(int n,int &found,leaf *&parent)
{
    leaf *q;
    found=NO;
    parent=NULL;

    if(p==NULL)
        return;

    q=p;
    while(q!=NULL)
    {
        if(q->data==n)
        {
            found=YES;
            return;
        }
        if(q->data>n)
        {
            parent=q;
            q=q->l;
        }
        else
        {
            parent=q;
            q=q->r;
        }
    }
}

Answer 1

You are passing the pointer parent in by reference, so that you can modify that pointer:

parent=q;

If you passed the pointer in by value, the modifications would be to a copy of the pointer that expires at the end of the function.