The documentation says otherwise (“The body delegate is invoked once for each value in the iteration range”).
However, we have observed behavior that would be explained if the same Action were being executed more-or-less simultaneously by different threads.
I am asking about the simplest overload: Parallel.For(Int32, Int32, Action<Int32>).
No, it will be executed once for each value. Have a look at where else you’re sharing any variables between multiple actions – I’m 99.99% sure you’ll find your action isn’t being executed twice with the same argument.