Question

The following code defines a sequence of names that are mapped to numbers. It is designed to take a number and retrieve a specific name. The class operates by ensuring the name exists in its cache, and then returns the name by indexing into its cache. The question in this: how can the name be calculated based on the number without storing a cache?

The name can be thought of as a base 63 number, except for the first digit which is always in base 53.

class NumberToName:

    def __generate_name():
        def generate_tail(length):
            if length > 0:
                for char in NumberToName.CHARS:
                    for extension in generate_tail(length - 1):
                        yield char + extension
            else:
                yield ''
        for length in itertools.count():
            for char in NumberToName.FIRST:
                for extension in generate_tail(length):
                    yield char + extension

    FIRST = ''.join(sorted(string.ascii_letters + '_'))
    CHARS = ''.join(sorted(string.digits + FIRST))
    CACHE = []
    NAMES = __generate_name()

    @classmethod
    def convert(cls, number):
        for _ in range(number - len(cls.CACHE) + 1):
            cls.CACHE.append(next(cls.NAMES))
        return cls.CACHE[number]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        raise NotImplementedError()

The following interactive sessions show some of the values that are expected to be returned in order.

>>> NumberToName.convert(0)
'A'
>>> NumberToName.convert(26)
'_'
>>> NumberToName.convert(52)
'z'
>>> NumberToName.convert(53)
'A0'
>>> NumberToName.convert(1692)
'_1'
>>> NumberToName.convert(23893)
'FAQ'

Unfortunately, these numbers need to be mapped to these exact names (to allow a reverse conversion).

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Please note: A variable number of bits are received and converted unambiguously into a number. This number should be converted unambiguously to a name in the Python identifier namespace. Eventually, valid Python names will be converted to numbers, and these numbers will be converted to a variable number of bits.

---

Final solution:

import string

HEAD_CHAR = ''.join(sorted(string.ascii_letters + '_'))
TAIL_CHAR = ''.join(sorted(string.digits + HEAD_CHAR))
HEAD_BASE, TAIL_BASE = len(HEAD_CHAR), len(TAIL_CHAR)

def convert_number_to_name(number):
    if number < HEAD_BASE: return HEAD_CHAR[number]
    q, r = divmod(number - HEAD_BASE, TAIL_BASE)
    return convert_number_to_name(q) + TAIL_CHAR[r]

Answer 1

This is a fun little problem full of off by 1 errors.

Without loops:

import string

first_digits = sorted(string.ascii_letters + '_')
rest_digits = sorted(string.digits + string.ascii_letters + '_')

def convert(number):
    if number < len(first_digits):
        return first_digits[number]

    current_base = len(rest_digits)
    remain = number - len(first_digits)
    return convert(remain / current_base) + rest_digits[remain % current_base]

And the tests:

print convert(0)
print convert(26)
print convert(52)
print convert(53)
print convert(1692)
print convert(23893)

Output:

A
_
z
A0
_1
FAQ