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Editorial Team
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Asked: 2026-05-16T13:58:51+00:00

The following code is creating problem. var_dump($name); $name = mb_strtolower($name); var_dump($name); Output is string(32)

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The following code is creating problem. 

var_dump($name);
$name = mb_strtolower($name);
var_dump($name);

Output is 

string(32) "brazil and technology, São Paulo"
string(32) "brazil and technology, s�o paulo"

Can someone please explain why I am getting an invalid character for ã? What am I doing wrong here?

mb_detect_encoding($name) says its UTF-8
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1 Answer

  1. Editorial Team

    mb_strtolower() has a second parameter to specify the encoding. If omitted, it uses mb_internal_encoding()’s return value. Try adding that parameter explicitly. If you’re on UTF-8:

     $name = mb_strtolower($name, "UTF-8");

    If that doesn’t help, make 100% sure the incoming data is UTF-8 in all the steps along the way, and the output is UTF-8 as well. It could well be that you are working with IS-8859-1 data that gets garbled by the strtolower operation.

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