Question

The following code:

x = 0
print "Initialization: ", x
def f1():
    x = 1
    print "In f1 before f2:", x
    def f2():
        global x
        x = 2
        print "In f2:          ", x
    f2()
    print "In f1 after f2: ", x
f1()
print "Final:          ", x

prints:

Initialization:  0
In f1 before f2: 1
In f2:           2
In f1 after f2:  1
Final:           2

Is there a way for f2 to access f1‘s variables?

Answer 1

You can access the variables, the problem is the assignment. In Python 2 there is no way to rebind x to a new value. See PEP 227 (nested scopes) for more on this.

In Python 3 you can use the new nonlocal keyword instead of global. See PEP 3104.