The intention of this question is to gather solutions to date / time calculation using the built in Date class instead of writing long complicated functions.
I’ll write some answers myself, and accept an answer if anyone comes up with something very clever. But this is mostly meant as a collection of solutions, since I often see overly complicated code for handling dates.
Please remember this is not for long solutions for things the Date class can not do.
A good place to start is the reference found here: http://help.adobe.com/en_US/AS3LCR/Flash_10.0/Date.html
To properly compare to dates you need to use the getTime() function, it will give you the time in milliseconds since January 1, 1970. Which makes it easy to compare to dates, a later date will return a larger value.
You can subtract one from the other to get the difference, but unfortunately there is no built in time span class to handle this cleanly; you will have to use a bit of math to present the difference properly to the user (eg. dividing the difference with the number milliseconds in a day to get the difference in days).