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The Java code by Oracle tends to use constant integer identifiers where the equivalent would be an enum in C++. The nice thing about using the CIIs that you can easily add more in the base class or a derived class and not break the code (too badly…). My question is: Is there a way to achieve this using an enum in C++ or would I have to stick to constants?
You can do that in Java because it’s bytecodes are interpreted (or, more likely recently “Just-in-Time” compiled) : You have separate pieces and they are put together at run-time.
C++ is fully compiled to native code. Any change will require a ful compile. If a full recompile is acceptable, then adding a new item to a enum is possible, and even less likely to break code than adding CIIs.