Question

There are lots of posts out there on pivoting rows into columns for various databases. They seem to fall into two camps, using case statements or using a built in function of the database vendor. I am using MySQL and have not found anything so far on any built in function that will allow me to pivot on an arbitrary unknown number of row values that I want to pivot into columns. If I don’t know the values ahead of time, I can’t build the CASE queries that appear frequently on stackoverflow. I want to know if there is something in MySQL similar to these in other databases where it is called crosstab or pivot:

-Postgresql: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/tablefunc.html
-Oracle: http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/11g/PivotAndUnpivotOperators_11gR1.php
-SQL Server: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms177410.aspx

Just to ensure that I’m clear what I’m asking for when I say pivot rows to columns, I want to transform a table like this

user_id      key       value
bob            hair        brown
bob           
eyes        blue
jake            hair        brown
jake           
height        6’2″

Into this:

user_id      hair       eyes       height
bob            brown
     blue
       
jake            brown
        
           6’2″

I am looking specifically for a solution in MySQL, so if there is anything database specific that is new or coming out that you know about that can solve this it would be greatly appreciated.

Answer 1

The link that Kangkan provided will show you how to pull this off had you known the column names in advance. We’re going for the same logic, except using dynamic SQL to build the statement. There is 2 parts to each field that you need to include, the field in the select statement and an appropriate join to get the value…so we’ll need to build the statement in two parts

First declare 3 variables to build this…I’ll go with @select, @join, and @sql for this example. Give the variables the initial values

 set @select = 'select user_id,'
 set @join = 'from table t'

now declare and load a cursor with the distinct values in the table.key field. I’m going to use @field as the variable gets populated with the distinct table.key field. Then loop through it building the two variables:

 set @select = @select + ', ' + @field + '.value as '+@field+'
 set @join = @join + ' left join table ' + @field + 'on '+@field+'.key = t.key and and '+@field+'.user_id = t.user_id

(the join is designed to use the value in @field as the alias of the table)

loop through your cursor building out @select and @join. At the end of the loop:

set @sql = @select + @join + 'where clause if you want'
exec @sql

Dynamic SQL built like this can be an absolute pain to trouble shoot (and get right) and open up security issues…but it’s about the only way I can see this accomplished. Watch for size restrictions on your variables….if you have too many distinct Key’s there, the variables grow too big. Sorry I can’t be more exact with the pseudo on this…you’ll find building dynamic sql in sql is painstaking.