There are two QTreeViews in the screenshot below. For the one on the right, I’ve add a css customization:
setStyleSheet( 'background-color: #EAF5FF;' 'alternate-background-color: #D5EAFF;' );
Notice however, the scrollbar appearance has changed. It went to the ‘windows’ style, not the ‘windowsxp’ style (which is the default, since I’m developing under Xp).
How can I use the above style settings without changing the scrollbar appearance?
I’m using QT 4.5 and Windows XP.

The advice of going the QPalette route worked out. Here is the solution:
Both methods should work according to the docs, so I’d say its a Qt bug.
Edit: After working with this new method over the past few days, I’ve noticed there may be a performance improvement also.