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Home/ Questions/Q 8794933
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Editorial Team
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Editorial Team
Asked: June 13, 20262026-06-13T23:19:07+00:00 2026-06-13T23:19:07+00:00

This command works very well. bash < <(echo ‘ls’) How this code work? I

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This command works very well.

bash < <(echo 'ls')

How this code work?
I cannot understand internal process of this script.

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  1. Editorial Team
    Editorial Team
    2026-06-13T23:19:07+00:00Added an answer on June 13, 2026 at 11:19 pm

    <(echo 'stuff') is called process substitution. It uses a named pipe (or FIFO) to pipe the output from the command (although the exact mechanism is system dependant). You can use this construct anywhere* that a file name can be used, so with:

    program < <(command)
    

    we are taking the output from command and passing it to the standard-input stream of program.

    *anywhere: some programs use a technique called memory mapping (see man 2 mmap) which cannot be used with named pipes. A well written program will check the file type beforehand, unfortunately not all programs are well written….

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