This is probably very simple but I couldn’t find anything about in the usual latex guides. In this phrase:
{\em hello\/}
what is the purpose of the “\/” ?
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This is a so-called italic correction. Its purpose is to ensure proper spacing after italic text.
Example:
{\itshape M}Mproduces MM, but italics M touches normal M.{\itshape M\/}Mproduces M M, with a bit more spacing to avoid touching.