This is something I’ve really never seen but, I downloaded the source code of the sine wave example at http://www.audiosynth.com/sinewavedemo.html .
It is in an old Project Builder Project format, and I want to compile it with Xcode (GCC). However, Xcode gives me 11415 compile errors. The first few are (all in the precompilation of AppKit.h):
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:31:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:31: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:33:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:33: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:35:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:35: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:36:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:36: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:37:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:37: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:38:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:38: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:40:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:40: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:42:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:42: error: expected identifier or '(' before '@' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:48:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:48: error: expected identifier or '(' before '@' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:54:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:54: error: expected identifier or '(' before '@' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:59:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:59: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:61:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:61: error: expected identifier or '(' before '@' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:69:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:69: error: expected identifier or '(' before '+' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:71:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSObject.h:71: error: expected identifier or '(' before '+' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:39:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:39: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:40:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:40: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:41:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:41: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:42:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:42: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:43:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:43: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:44:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:44: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:45:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:45: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:46:0 /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Headers/NSValue.h:46: error: expected identifier or '(' before '-' token
Some of the code is:
HAL.c
/*
* HAL.c
* Sinewave
*
* Created by james on Fri Apr 27 2001.
* Copyright (c) 2001 __CompanyName__. All rights reserved.
*
*/
#include "HAL.h"
#include "math.h"
appGlobals gAppGlobals;
OSStatus appIOProc (AudioDeviceID inDevice, const AudioTimeStamp* inNow, const AudioBufferList* inInputData,
const AudioTimeStamp* inInputTime, AudioBufferList* outOutputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inOutputTime,
void* device);
#define FailIf(cond, handler) \
if (cond) { \
goto handler; \
}
#define FailWithAction(cond, action, handler) \
if (cond) { \
{ action; } \
goto handler; \
}
// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
// HAL Sample Code ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//#define noErr 0
//#define false 0
OSStatus SetupHAL (appGlobalsPtr globals)
{
OSStatus err = noErr;
UInt32 count,
bufferSize;
AudioDeviceID device = kAudioDeviceUnknown;
AudioStreamBasicDescription format;
// get the default output device for the HAL
count = sizeof(globals->device); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned
err = AudioHardwareGetProperty(kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice, &count, (void *) &device);
fprintf(stderr, "kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice %d\n", err);
if (err != noErr) goto Bail;
// get the buffersize that the default device uses for IO
count = sizeof(globals->deviceBufferSize); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned
err = AudioDeviceGetProperty(device, 0, false, kAudioDevicePropertyBufferSize, &count, &bufferSize);
fprintf(stderr, "kAudioDevicePropertyBufferSize %d %d\n", err, bufferSize);
if (err != noErr) goto Bail;
// get a description of the data format used by the default device
count = sizeof(globals->deviceFormat); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned
err = AudioDeviceGetProperty(device, 0, false, kAudioDevicePropertyStreamFormat, &count, &format);
fprintf(stderr, "kAudioDevicePropertyStreamFormat %d\n", err);
fprintf(stderr, "sampleRate %g\n", format.mSampleRate);
fprintf(stderr, "mFormatFlags %08X\n", format.mFormatFlags);
fprintf(stderr, "mBytesPerPacket %d\n", format.mBytesPerPacket);
fprintf(stderr, "mFramesPerPacket %d\n", format.mFramesPerPacket);
fprintf(stderr, "mChannelsPerFrame %d\n", format.mChannelsPerFrame);
fprintf(stderr, "mBytesPerFrame %d\n", format.mBytesPerFrame);
fprintf(stderr, "mBitsPerChannel %d\n", format.mBitsPerChannel);
if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail;
FailWithAction(format.mFormatID != kAudioFormatLinearPCM, err = paramErr, Bail); // bail if the format is not linear pcm
// everything is ok so fill in these globals
globals->device = device;
globals->deviceBufferSize = bufferSize;
globals->deviceFormat = format;
Bail:
return (err);
}
/*
struct AudioStreamBasicDescription
{
Float64 mSampleRate; // the native sample rate of the audio stream
UInt32 mFormatID; // the specific encoding type of audio stream
UInt32 mFormatFlags; // flags specific to each format
UInt32 mBytesPerPacket; // the number of bytes in a packet
UInt32 mFramesPerPacket; // the number of frames in each packet
UInt32 mBytesPerFrame; // the number of bytes in a frame
UInt32 mChannelsPerFrame; // the number of channels in each frame
UInt32 mBitsPerChannel; // the number of bits in each channel
};
typedef struct AudioStreamBasicDescription AudioStreamBasicDescription;
*/
// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
// This is a simple playThru ioProc. It simply places the data in the input buffer back into the output buffer.
// Watch out for feedback from Speakers to Microphone
OSStatus appIOProc (AudioDeviceID inDevice, const AudioTimeStamp* inNow, const AudioBufferList* inInputData,
const AudioTimeStamp* inInputTime, AudioBufferList* outOutputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inOutputTime,
void* appGlobals)
{
appGlobalsPtr globals = appGlobals;
int i;
double phase = gAppGlobals.phase;
double amp = gAppGlobals.amp;
double pan = gAppGlobals.pan;
double freq = gAppGlobals.freq * 2. * 3.14159265359 / globals->deviceFormat.mSampleRate;
int numSamples = globals->deviceBufferSize / globals->deviceFormat.mBytesPerFrame;
// assume floats for now....
float *out = outOutputData->mBuffers[0].mData;
for (i=0; i<numSamples; ++i) {
float wave = sin(phase) * amp;
phase = phase + freq;
*out++ = wave * (1.0-pan);
*out++ = wave * pan;
}
gAppGlobals.phase = phase;
return (kAudioHardwareNoError);
}
// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
OSStatus StartPlayingThruHAL(appGlobalsPtr globals)
{
OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError;
if (globals->soundPlaying) return 0;
globals->phase = 0.0;
err = AudioDeviceAddIOProc(globals->device, appIOProc, (void *) globals); // setup our device with an IO proc
if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail;
err = AudioDeviceStart(globals->device, appIOProc); // start playing sound through the device
if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail;
globals->soundPlaying = true; // set the playing status global to true
Bail:
return (err);
}
// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
OSStatus StopPlayingThruHAL(appGlobalsPtr globals)
{
OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError;
if (!globals->soundPlaying) return 0;
err = AudioDeviceStop(globals->device, appIOProc); // stop playing sound through the device
if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail;
err = AudioDeviceRemoveIOProc(globals->device, appIOProc); // remove the IO proc from the device
if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) goto Bail;
globals->soundPlaying = false; // set the playing status global to false
Bail:
return (err);
}
Sinewave.m
//
// a very simple Cocoa CoreAudio app
// by James McCartney james@audiosynth.com www.audiosynth.com
//
// Sinewave - this class implements a sine oscillator with dezippered control of frequency, pan and amplitude
//
#import "Sinewave.h"
// define a C struct from the Obj-C object so audio callback can access data
typedef struct {
@defs(Sinewave);
} sinewavedef;
// this is the audio processing callback.
OSStatus appIOProc (AudioDeviceID inDevice, const AudioTimeStamp* inNow, const AudioBufferList* inInputData,
const AudioTimeStamp* inInputTime, AudioBufferList* outOutputData, const AudioTimeStamp* inOutputTime,
void* defptr)
{
sinewavedef* def = defptr; // get access to Sinewave's data
int i;
// load instance vars into registers
double phase = def->phase;
double amp = def->amp;
double pan = def->pan;
double freq = def->freq;
double ampz = def->ampz;
double panz = def->panz;
double freqz = def->freqz;
int numSamples = def->deviceBufferSize / def->deviceFormat.mBytesPerFrame;
// assume floats for now....
float *out = outOutputData->mBuffers[0].mData;
for (i=0; i<numSamples; ++i) {
float wave = sin(phase) * ampz; // generate sine wave
phase = phase + freqz; // increment phase
// write output
*out++ = wave * (1.0-panz); // left channel
*out++ = wave * panz; // right channel
// de-zipper controls
panz = 0.001 * pan + 0.999 * panz;
ampz = 0.001 * amp + 0.999 * ampz;
freqz = 0.001 * freq + 0.999 * freqz;
}
// save registers back to object
def->phase = phase;
def->freqz = freqz;
def->ampz = ampz;
def->panz = panz;
return kAudioHardwareNoError;
}
@implementation Sinewave
- (void) setup
{
OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError;
UInt32 count;
device = kAudioDeviceUnknown;
initialized = NO;
// get the default output device for the HAL
count = sizeof(device); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned
err = AudioHardwareGetProperty(kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice, &count, (void *) &device);
if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
fprintf(stderr, "get kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice error %ld\n", err);
return;
}
// get the buffersize that the default device uses for IO
count = sizeof(deviceBufferSize); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned
err = AudioDeviceGetProperty(device, 0, false, kAudioDevicePropertyBufferSize, &count, &deviceBufferSize);
if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
fprintf(stderr, "get kAudioDevicePropertyBufferSize error %ld\n", err);
return;
}
fprintf(stderr, "deviceBufferSize = %ld\n", deviceBufferSize);
// get a description of the data format used by the default device
count = sizeof(deviceFormat); // it is required to pass the size of the data to be returned
err = AudioDeviceGetProperty(device, 0, false, kAudioDevicePropertyStreamFormat, &count, &deviceFormat);
if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) {
fprintf(stderr, "get kAudioDevicePropertyStreamFormat error %ld\n", err);
return;
}
if (deviceFormat.mFormatID != kAudioFormatLinearPCM) {
fprintf(stderr, "mFormatID != kAudioFormatLinearPCM\n");
return;
}
if (!(deviceFormat.mFormatFlags & kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsFloat)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Sorry, currently only works with float format....\n");
return;
}
initialized = YES;
fprintf(stderr, "mSampleRate = %g\n", deviceFormat.mSampleRate);
fprintf(stderr, "mFormatFlags = %08lX\n", deviceFormat.mFormatFlags);
fprintf(stderr, "mBytesPerPacket = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mBytesPerPacket);
fprintf(stderr, "mFramesPerPacket = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mFramesPerPacket);
fprintf(stderr, "mChannelsPerFrame = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mChannelsPerFrame);
fprintf(stderr, "mBytesPerFrame = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mBytesPerFrame);
fprintf(stderr, "mBitsPerChannel = %ld\n", deviceFormat.mBitsPerChannel);
}
- (void)setAmpVal:(double)val
{
amp = val;
}
- (void)setFreqVal:(double)val
{
freq = val * 2. * 3.14159265359 / deviceFormat.mSampleRate;
}
- (void)setPanVal:(double)val
{
pan = val;
}
- (BOOL)start
{
OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError;
sinewavedef *def;
if (!initialized) return false;
if (soundPlaying) return false;
// initialize phase and de-zipper filters.
phase = 0.0;
freqz = freq;
ampz = amp;
panz = pan;
def = (sinewavedef *)self;
err = AudioDeviceAddIOProc(device, appIOProc, (void *) def); // setup our device with an IO proc
if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) return false;
err = AudioDeviceStart(device, appIOProc); // start playing sound through the device
if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) return false;
soundPlaying = true; // set the playing status global to true
return true;
}
- (BOOL)stop
{
OSStatus err = kAudioHardwareNoError;
if (!initialized) return false;
if (!soundPlaying) return false;
err = AudioDeviceStop(device, appIOProc); // stop playing sound through the device
if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) return false;
err = AudioDeviceRemoveIOProc(device, appIOProc); // remove the IO proc from the device
if (err != kAudioHardwareNoError) return false;
soundPlaying = false; // set the playing status global to false
return true;
}
@end
Can anyone help me compiling this example? I’d really appriciate it. Thanks
My first guess is that your’e somehow ending up including Objective-C headers when compiling C code. (NSObject.h should only ever be included by .m files.) Either set your .c files to be compiled as Objective-C, or make sure your Prefix Header file does not include Objective-C framework headers.