Question

This works fine on Windows 7 with Python 2.7:

lib = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary('prov_means')
provmeans = lib.provmeans  

The library prov_means.DLL is in my working directory. It exports a simple, stand-alone C function provmeans() with no dependencies.

When I try the same thing on Windows XP and Python 2.7 I get

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\python\Auxil\src\auxil.py", line 130, in <module>
    lib = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary('prov_means')
  File "C:\Python27\lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 431, in LoadLibrary
    return self._dlltype(name)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\ctypes\__init__.py", line 353, in __init__
    self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
WindowsError: [Error 126] The specified module could not be found 

I have tried copying the DLL to Windows\System32 and also entering the full path name

"d:\\python\\auxil\\src\\prov_means"

with and without the “.DLL” extension. Nothing works.

Answer 1

Error 126 is what you get when a dependent DLL can not be found. There are two obvious causes for this:

1. Your DLL is not being located.
2. Your DLL depends on other DLLs that cannot be found.

I doubt that option 1 is the problem but in any case I think I would probably be using a full path to that DLL to be sure.

So that leaves option 2 and the most common cause for that is that your target machine does not have the C++ runtime installed. Either install the C++ runtime on your target machine, or use static linking, /MT, when building your DLL so that you do not need to redistribute the runtime.

Probably, on the machine that you developed the DLL, you have installed a C++ compiler and that installed the runtime for you. On your target machine, where the code fails, you have not installed the compiler and so the runtime is not present.