Question

Update: I can’t get “Balancing” to work, because I cannot get “doAVLBalance” to recognize the member functions “isBalanced()”, “isRightHeavy()”, “isLeftHeavy”. And I don’t know why! I tried Sash’s example(3rd answer) exactly but I get “deceleration is incompatible” and I couldn’t fix that…so I tried doing it my way…and it tells me those member functions don’t exist, when they clearly do.

“Error: class “IntBinaryTree:TreeNode” has no member “isRightHeavy”.
I’m stuck after trying for the last 4 hours :(. Updated code below, help would be much appreciated!!

I’m creating a String based Binary Search Tree and need to make it a “Balanced” tree. How do I do this?* Help please!! Thanks in advance!

BinarySearchTree.cpp:

    bool IntBinaryTree::leftRotation(TreeNode *root)
    {
        //TreeNode *nodePtr = root;  // Can use nodePtr instead of root, better?
        // root, nodePtr, this->?

        if(NULL == root)
        {return NULL;}

        TreeNode *rightOfTheRoot = root->right;
        root->right = rightOfTheRoot->left;
        rightOfTheRoot->left = root;

        return rightOfTheRoot;
    }

    bool IntBinaryTree::rightRotation(TreeNode *root)
    {
        if(NULL == root)
        {return NULL;}
        TreeNode *leftOfTheRoot = root->left;
        root->left = leftOfTheRoot->right;
        leftOfTheRoot->right = root;

        return leftOfTheRoot;
    }

    bool IntBinaryTree::doAVLBalance(TreeNode *root)
    {


        if(NULL==root)
            {return NULL;}
        else if(root->isBalanced()) // Don't have "isBalanced"
            {return root;}

        root->left = doAVLBalance(root->left);
        root->right = doAVLBalance(root->right);

        getDepth(root); //Don't have this function yet

        if(root->isRightHeavy()) // Don't have "isRightHeavey"
        {
            if(root->right->isLeftheavey())
            {
                root->right = rightRotation(root->right);
            }
            root = leftRotation(root);
        }
        else if(root->isLeftheavey()) // Don't have "isLeftHeavey"
        {
            if(root->left->isRightHeavey())
            {
                root->left = leftRotation(root->left);
            }
            root = rightRotation(root);
        }
        return root;
    }

    void IntBinaryTree::insert(TreeNode *&nodePtr, TreeNode *&newNode)
    {
        if(nodePtr == NULL)
            nodePtr = newNode;                  //Insert node
        else if(newNode->value < nodePtr->value)
            insert(nodePtr->left, newNode);     //Search left branch
        else
            insert(nodePtr->right, newNode);    //search right branch
    }

//
// Displays the number of nodes in the Tree


int IntBinaryTree::numberNodes(TreeNode *root)
{
    TreeNode *nodePtr = root;

    if(root == NULL)
        return 0;

    int count = 1; // our actual node
    if(nodePtr->left !=NULL)
    { count += numberNodes(nodePtr->left);
    }
    if(nodePtr->right != NULL)
    {
        count += numberNodes(nodePtr->right);
    }
    return count;
} 

    // Insert member function

    void IntBinaryTree::insertNode(string num)
    {
        TreeNode *newNode; // Poitner to a new node.

        // Create a new node and store num in it.
        newNode = new TreeNode;
        newNode->value = num;
        newNode->left = newNode->right = NULL;

        //Insert the node.
        insert(root, newNode);
    }

    // More member functions, etc.

BinarySearchTree.h:

class IntBinaryTree
{
private:
    struct TreeNode
    {
        string value; // Value in the node
        TreeNode *left; // Pointer to left child node
        TreeNode *right; // Pointer to right child node
    };

    //Private Members Functions
    // Removed for shortness
    void displayInOrder(TreeNode *) const;


public:
    TreeNode *root;
    //Constructor
    IntBinaryTree()
        { root = NULL; }
    //Destructor
    ~IntBinaryTree()
        { destroySubTree(root); }

    // Binary tree Operations
    void insertNode(string);
    // Removed for shortness

    int numberNodes(TreeNode *root);
    //int balancedTree(string, int, int); // TreeBalanced

    bool leftRotation(TreeNode *root);
    bool rightRotation(TreeNode *root);
    bool doAVLBalance(TreeNode *root); // void doAVLBalance();
    bool isAVLBalanced();

    int calculateAndGetAVLBalanceFactor(TreeNode *root);

    int getAVLBalanceFactor()
    {
        TreeNode *nodePtr = root; // Okay to do this? instead of just
        // left->mDepth
        // right->mDepth

        int leftTreeDepth = (left !=NULL) ? nodePtr->left->Depth : -1;
        int rightTreeDepth = (right != NULL) ? nodePtr->right->Depth : -1;
        return(leftTreeDepth - rightTreeDepth);
    }

    bool isRightheavey() { return (getAVLBalanceFactor() <= -2); }

    bool isLeftheavey() { return (getAVLBalanceFactor() >= 2); }


    bool isBalanced()
    {
        int balanceFactor = getAVLBalanceFactor();
        return (balanceFactor >= -1 && balanceFactor <= 1);
    }


    int getDepth(TreeNode *root); // getDepth

    void displayInOrder() const
        { displayInOrder(root); }
    // Removed for shortness
};

Answer 1

Programmers use AVL Tree concepts to balance binary trees. It is quite simple. More information can be found online. Quick wiki link

Below is the sample code which does tree balance using AVL algorithm.

Node *BinarySearchTree::leftRotation(Node *root)
{
    if(NULL == root)
    {
        return NULL;
    }
    Node *rightOfTheRoot = root->mRight;
    root->mRight = rightOfTheRoot->mLeft;
    rightOfTheRoot->mLeft = root;

    return rightOfTheRoot;
}

Node *BinarySearchTree::rightRotation(Node *root)
{
    if(NULL == root)
    {
        return NULL;
    }
    Node *leftOfTheRoot = root->mLeft;
    root->mLeft = leftOfTheRoot->mRight;
    leftOfTheRoot->mRight = root;

    return leftOfTheRoot;
}

Node *BinarySearchTree::doAVLBalance(Node *root)
{
    if(NULL == root)
    {
        return NULL;
    }
    else if(root->isBalanced())
    {
        return root;
    }

    root->mLeft  = doAVLBalance(root->mLeft);
    root->mRight = doAVLBalance(root->mRight);

    getDepth(root);

    if(root->isRightHeavy())
    {
        if(root->mRight->isLeftHeavy())
        {
            root->mRight = rightRotation(root->mRight);
        }
        root = leftRotation(root);
    }
    else if(root->isLeftHeavy())
    {
        if(root->mLeft->isRightHeavy())
        {
            root->mLeft = leftRotation(root->mLeft);
        }
        root = rightRotation(root);
    }

    return root;
}

Class Definition

class BinarySearchTree
{
public:
    // .. lots of methods 
    Node *getRoot();
    int getDepth(Node *root);

    bool isAVLBalanced();
    int calculateAndGetAVLBalanceFactor(Node *root);
    void doAVLBalance();

private:
     Node *mRoot;
};

class Node
{
public:
    int  mData;
    Node *mLeft;
    Node *mRight;
    bool mHasVisited;
    int mDepth;
public:

    Node(int data)
    : mData(data),
      mLeft(NULL),
      mRight(NULL),
      mHasVisited(false),
      mDepth(0)
    {
    }

    int getData()              { return mData; }

    void setData(int data)     { mData = data;  }

    void setRight(Node *right) { mRight = right;}

    void setLeft(Node *left)   { mLeft = left; }

    Node * getRight()          { return mRight; }

    Node * getLeft()           { return mLeft; }

    bool hasLeft()             { return (mLeft != NULL);  }

    bool hasRight()            { return (mRight != NULL); }

    bool isVisited()           { return (mHasVisited == true); }

    int getAVLBalanceFactor()
    {
        int leftTreeDepth = (mLeft != NULL) ? mLeft->mDepth : -1;
        int rightTreeDepth = (mRight != NULL) ? mRight->mDepth : -1;
        return(leftTreeDepth - rightTreeDepth);
    }

    bool isRightHeavy() { return (getAVLBalanceFactor() <= -2); }

    bool isLeftHeavy()  { return (getAVLBalanceFactor() >= 2);  }

    bool isBalanced()
    {
        int balanceFactor = getAVLBalanceFactor();
        return (balanceFactor >= -1 && balanceFactor <= 1);
    }
};