Question

Update – Many people are insisting I need to declare an iVar for the property. Some are saying not so, as I am using Modern Runtime (64 bit). I can confirm that I have been successfully using @property without iVars for months now. Therefore, I think the ‘correct’ answer is an explanation as to why on 64bit I suddenly have to explicitly declare the iVar when (and only when) i’m going to access it from a child class. The only one I’ve seen so far is a possible GCC bug (thanks Yuji). Not so simple after all… To clarify the possible bug is this: When inheriting from a base class, a child can not access the parent’s iVar IF that child also happens to implement an UNRELATED accessor using @synthesize BEFORE the iVar is accessed.

I’ve been scratching my head with this for a couple of hours – I haven’t used inheritance much.

Here I have set up a simple Test B class that inherits from Test A, where an ivar is declared. But I get the compilation error that the variable is undeclared. This only happens when I add the property and synthesize declarations – works fine without them.

TestA Header:

#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
@interface TestA : NSObject {
    NSString *testString;
}
@end

TestA Implementation is empty:

#import "TestA.h"
@implementation TestA  
@end

TestB Header:

#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
#import "TestA.h"
@interface TestB : TestA {
}
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *testProp;
@end

TestB Implementation (Error – ‘testString’ is undeclared)

#import "TestB.h"
@implementation TestB
@synthesize testProp;
- (void)testing{
    NSLog(@"test ivar is %@", testString);
}
@end

Answer 1

I think this is the bug of GCC 4.2.1.
I made the file foo.m with the content

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface TestA : NSObject {
    NSString *testString;
}
@end

@implementation TestA  
@end

@interface TestB : TestA {
}
@property (retain) NSString *testProp;
@end

@implementation TestB
@synthesize testProp;
- (void)testing{
NSLog(@"test ivar is %@", testString);
}
@end

Note that it’s OK in the 64 bit mode to omit the instance variable.
My GCC 4.2.1 on OS X 10.6.3 gave me an error:

$ gcc -arch x86_64 -c foo.m
aho.m: In function ‘-[TestB testing]’:
aho.m:19: error: ‘testString’ undeclared (first use in this function)
aho.m:19: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
aho.m:19: error: for each function it appears in.)

This compiled without problem by changing

NSLog(@"test ivar is %@", testString);

to

NSLog(@"test ivar is %@", self->testString);

Clang compiled it without any problem.

( In the 32 bit mode, I got

$ gcc -arch i386 -c foo.m
aho.m:17: error: synthesized property ‘testProp’ must either be named 
the same as a compatible ivar or must explicitly name an ivar
aho.m: In function ‘-[TestB testing]’:
aho.m:19: error: ‘testString’ undeclared (first use in this function)
aho.m:19: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
aho.m:19: error: for each function it appears in.)

which is a perfectly expected behavior, as Manjunath wrote.)

However I think it’s generally a rather bad idea to access an instance variable of the superclass: when you implement the methods the superclass, you cannot assume anything about the instance variable because it might be tweaked in a worst manner possible by the subclass. You at least need to write down what kind of operation on the instance variable is permitted or not… Remember you might need to maintain your code for years! I would prefer keeping programming contracts between various parts of the code at the level of methods and properties.

Finally you should change

@property NSString *testProp;

to

@property (copy) NSString *testProp;

or at least to

@property (retain) NSString *testProp;

if you’re not using GC on OS X. Otherwise EXP_BAD_ACCESS will await you!