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Editorial Team
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Asked: 2026-06-14T09:46:41+00:00

Using xmllint –shell , I execute chapter > cat * ——- <title>Getting to Know

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Using xmllint --shell, I execute

chapter > cat * 
 -------
<title>Getting to Know Penguins</title>
 -------
<abstract>
      <para>Penguins are cute.</para>
    </abstract>
 -------
<sect1>
      <title>The Head</title>
      <para>...</para>
    </sect1>
 -------
<sect1 id="penguin.coat">
      <title>The Coat</title>
      <para>...</para>
    </sect1>

and

chapter > ls
ta-        5      
---        1 title
ta-        5      
---        3 abstract
ta-        5      
---        5 sect1
ta-        5      
c--       17 
ta-        5      
-a-        5 sect1
ta-        3

What does “ta”, “c” and “a” stand for, and what do the characters represent?

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1 Answer

  1. Editorial Team

    The answer you seek is available in the following location:

    libxml2-2.9.0::debugXML.c:1652: xmlLsOneNode(FILE *output, xmlNodePtr node)

    I’ve broken the output down by node type, please note that the second two characters below are shown as “–” for convenience. In actuality, for all node types other than XML_NAMESPACE_DECL, the second character is “a” if node->properties is not NULL and the third character is “n” if node->nsDef is not NULL. Finally, #NC# suggests a digit value for the number of children that node has while #CL# is a digit value for the length of the content of the node.

    XML_ELEMENT_NODE:
---     #NC# [[(node->ns->prefix):](node->name)]

XML_ATTRIBUTE_NODE:
a--     #NC# [(node->name)]

XML_TEXT_NODE:
t--     #CL# [xmlDebugDumpString(node->content)...|"(NULL)"]
    * The string value of content up to at most 40 characters with some
    * substitutions.  A space (' ') replaces the whitespace characters
    * allowed by the XML RFC: (0x20, 0x9, 0xA, 0xD).  Any character whose
    * HEX value is 0x80 or greater is printed as a string: "#XXXX"


XML_CDATA_SECTION_NODE:
C--     #CL#

XML_ENTITY_REF_NODE:
e--     1 [(node->name)]

XML_ENTITY_NODE:
E--     1 [(node->name)]

XML_PI_NODE:
p--     #CL#

XML_COMMENT_NODE:
c--     #CL#

XML_DOCUMENT_NODE:
d--     #NC#

XML_HTML_DOCUMENT_NODE:
h--     #NC#

XML_DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE:
T--     1

XML_DOCUMENT_FRAG_NODE:
F--     1

XML_NOTATION_NODE:
N--     1

XML_NAMESPACE_DECL:
n       1 [(node->prefix)|"default"] -> (node->href)

default:
?--     1
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