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Home/ Questions/Q 6850835
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Editorial Team
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Editorial Team
Asked: May 27, 20262026-05-27T01:10:25+00:00 2026-05-27T01:10:25+00:00

What are >> and << for? I read this in code: https://github.com/mlaiosa/emlx2maildir/blob/master/emlx2maildir.py FL_READ =

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What are >> and << for?

I read this in code:

https://github.com/mlaiosa/emlx2maildir/blob/master/emlx2maildir.py

FL_READ = (1<<0)
FL_DELETED = (1<<1)
FL_ANSWERED = (1<<2)
FL_ENCRYPTED = (1<<3)
FL_FLAGGED = (1<<4)
FL_RECENT = (1<<5)
FL_DRAFT = (1<<6)
FL_INITIAL = (1<<7)
FL_FORWARDED = (1<<8)
FL_REDIRECTED = (1<<9)
FL_SIGNED = (1<<23)
FL_IS_JUNK = (1<<24)
FL_IS_NOT_JUNK = (1<<25)
FL_JUNK_LEVEL_RECORDED = (1<<29)
FL_HIGHLIGHT_IN_TOC = (1<<30)

I cannot find the documentation of it yet.

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  1. Editorial Team
    Editorial Team
    2026-05-27T01:10:26+00:00Added an answer on May 27, 2026 at 1:10 am

    It’s bitshift operator. If you have a 1(0b1), and shift it left 4 bits(1 << 4), what you get is 0b10000, which means 16.

    And here’s the documentation: http://docs.python.org/reference/expressions.html#shifting-operations

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