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What is the difference between a handle to an object in Managed C++
such as:
System::String^ str = gcnew System::String();
and the ordinary C++ pointers?
Also how do they relate to references we have in C#?
You are not talking about (the older) Managed C++, but about C++/CLI, right?
In C#, your code is equivalent to
In C++/CLI, a handle to an object is just the same as a reference in C# – you have reference counting, garbage collector etc.
Ordinary C++ pointers, on the other hand, are (in most cases) pointers to unmanaged objects. You can (of course) have C++ pointers to managed objects, just the way you have pointers available in C# (in unsafe code). Look here for a detailed explanation of pointers in C#, and here for some details about pointers in C++/CLI. Those pointers are not handled by the garbage collector.