What is the purpose of GUIDs in COM?
Is it only to avoid name conflicts?
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It serves the exact same purpose as a name. A COM client can ask the system to create a COM object using a simple identifier (CoCreateInstance). That identifier has the scope of the full machine. Different chunks of code written by programmers that don’t know each other and work for different companies live at that scope.
The problem with names is that people suck at picking good names. The odds that one programmer picks the exact same name as another programmer, 3000 miles away and 5 years ago are high. Names like “Record”, “Database” etc would be popular choices. Evident at this website too, lot’s of users named “Jason” or “Mike”. They don’t mind, they know their own name when they review their profile. Context. Impossible for me to find them back though when they send me an email with just their user name, following up on a question with a generic subject string.
Getting a name collision and COM creating the wrong object is disastrous. The program stops working because it is getting a completely wrong object. Finding out why is difficult, the error message sucks. Actually fixing the problem is impossible. Calling programmer B and ask him in the friendliest possible way to “pick a different name, somebody already picked yours” doesn’t work. Automatic response is “call programmer A instead”.
This is not a problem when you use a GUID instead of a name. They are Globally Unique IDs. The odds of getting a collision are astronomically small.