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Editorial Team
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Asked: 2026-06-11T22:12:35+00:00

What’s wrong with my UPDATE_OR_INSERT code below? MERGE INTO EMAIL_LIST d USING (SELECT ‘foo@gmail.com’

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What’s wrong with my UPDATE_OR_INSERT code below?

MERGE INTO EMAIL_LIST d USING (SELECT 'foo@gmail.com' EMAIL) s
    ON (d.EMAIL = s.EMAIL)
        WHEN MATCHED THEN
            UPDATE SET d.EMAIL = s.EMAIL
        WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
            INSERT (EMAIL) VALUES (s.EMAIL);

Given the table:

CREATE TABLE EMAIL_LIST ( 
    EMAIL VARCHAR2 (100)  NOT NULL
);
ALTER TABLE EMAIL_LIST
    ADD CONSTRAINT PK_EMAIL_LIST PRIMARY KEY ( EMAIL ) ;

Error

Error report:

SQL Error: ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected
00923. 00000 – "FROM keyword not found where expected"

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1 Answer

  1. Editorial Team

    A couple of things;

    You need to select the constant from something, in Oracle’s case, DUAL;

    MERGE INTO EMAIL_LIST d 
USING 
    (SELECT 'foo@gmail.com' EMAIL FROM DUAL) s
ON (d.EMAIL = s.EMAIL)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
    UPDATE SET d.EMAIL = s.EMAIL
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
    INSERT (EMAIL) VALUES (s.EMAIL);

    Also, you cannot match on d.EMAIL and at the same time update it. Your line;

    WHEN MATCHED THEN
    UPDATE SET d.EMAIL = s.EMAIL

    Doesn’t really make sense anyway, since d.EMAIL is already equal to s.EMAIL or the match wouldn’t happen. Remove the WHEN MATCHED and you’ll end up with the working;

    MERGE INTO EMAIL_LIST d 
USING 
    (SELECT 'foo@gmail.com' EMAIL FROM DUAL) s
ON (d.EMAIL = s.EMAIL)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
    INSERT (EMAIL) VALUES (s.EMAIL);
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