Question

When I am trying to run shell script with exec and shell_exe nothing happens!
When I run with those command ls or whoami all work’s.

What could it be?

Answer 1

Do you echo the output?

echo exec('ls');

Do you have safe_mode enabled?

phpinfo();

When yes: (from the manual)

Note: When safe mode is enabled, you can only execute files within the
safe_mode_exec_dir. For practical reasons, it is currently not allowed
to have .. components in the path to the executable.

Try to call exec with

exec('...pathtoyourbashscript...', $out, $return);

Then

echo $return;

If it shows 127 it´s likely that the path is wrong.

Also check the permissions. User ‘nobody’ is probably the apache user, which needs the rights to access and execute the script.

You can change the permissions by running

chmod 755 pathtouyourscript

This means something like ‘I don’t mind if other people read or run this file, but only I should be able to modify it’.