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When you wrap your JavaScript code in a function like this:
(function(){
var field = ...;
function doSomthing(){...
...
})();
I noticed that this fixes scoping problems for me on a lot of web pages. What is this practice called?
The pattern is called self-invocation, a self-invoking function. It can create a closure, but that is an effect of the pattern (perhaps the intended effect), not the pattern itself.