Question

While trying to profile my Perl program, I find that Math::Complex is taking up a lot of time with what looks like some kind of warning.

Also, my code shouldn’t have any complex numbers being generated or used, so I am not sure what it is doing in Math::Complex, anyway. Here’s the FastProf output for the most expensive lines:

/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:182 1.55480 276232: _cannot_make("real part",      $re) unless $re =~ /^$gre$/;
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:310 1.01132 453641: sub cartesian {$_[0]->{c_dirty} ?
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:315 0.97497 562188: sub set_cartesian { $_[0]->{p_dirty}++; $_[0]->{c_dirty} = 0;
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:189 0.86302 276232: return $self;
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:1332 0.85628 293660: $self->{display_format} = { %display_format };
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:185 0.81529 276232: _cannot_make("imaginary part", $im) unless $im =~ /^$gre$/;
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:1316 0.78749 293660: my %display_format = %DISPLAY_FORMAT;
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:1335 0.69534 293660: %{$self->{display_format}} :
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:186 0.66697 276232: $self->set_cartesian([$re, $im ]);
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:170 0.62790 276232: my $self = bless {}, shift;
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:172 0.56733 276232: if (@_ == 0) {
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:316 0.53179 281094: $_[0]->{'cartesian'} = $_[1] }
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:1324 0.48768 293660: if (@_ == 1) {
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:1319 0.44835 293660: if (exists $self->{display_format}) {
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:1318 0.40355 293660: if (ref $self) {   # Called as an object method
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:187 0.39950 276232: $self->display_format('cartesian');
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:1315 0.39312 293660: my $self  = shift;
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:1331 0.38087 293660: if (ref $self) { # Called as an object method
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:184 0.35171 276232: $im ||= 0;
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:181 0.34145 276232: if (defined $re) {
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:171 0.33492 276232: my ($re, $im);
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:390 0.20658 128280: my ($z1, $z2, $regular) = @_;
/usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/Math/Complex.pm:391 0.20631 128280: if ($z1->{p_dirty} == 0 and ref $z2 and $z2->{p_dirty} == 0) {

Thanks for any help!

Answer 1

Edit Math/Complex.pm and put

use Carp;
Carp::cluck("in Math/Complex.pm");

around one of the lines listed above. This will print out a stack trace and you will see exactly how you are getting into this module.