Why do I need two of them? When I have to use one or another?
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Quote by @DAC
Not strictly true. SID = unique name of the INSTANCE (eg the oracle process running on the machine). Oracle considers the "Database" to be the files.
Service Name = alias to an INSTANCE (or many instances). The main purpose of this is if you are running a cluster, the client can say "connect me to
SALES.acme.com", the DBA can on the fly change the number of instances which are available toSALES.acme.comrequests, or even moveSALES.acme.comto a completely different database without the client needing to change any settings.