Windows 8 SDK comes with very cool data binding JavaScript samples.
More info here:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/hh465051(v=VS.85).aspx#Extend_Your_First_Metro_Style_App_JavaScript_Using_Templates_and_Binding
From what I understand, you can define data binding and data template quite easily.
However, I am not sure I am allowed to use binding.js in my project (supported for Windows apps only, doesn’t work on firefox or chrome)
Is there an equivalent for the web (e.g. jQuery extension)?
I think your closest equivalent might be data templating.
You can perhaps give this a try and see if it suits your needs:
http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2010/05/07/jquery-templates-and-data-linking-and-microsoft-contributing-to-jquery.aspx