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With fconfigure you can get and set channel options. -buffering specifies the type of buffering, and by default it is line for stdin.
Is there a way to check if the buffer at stdin is empty or not?
Please see this question: How to check if stdin is pending in TCL?
Obviously you could set the channel mode to non-blocking and read from it. If the read returns 0 length then nothing was available. However, I suspect you mean to test for data present but not a complete line given your mentioning of the line buffering there. The fblocked command tests a channel for this. See fblocked(1) for the details but for a line buffered channel this lets you know that an incomplete line is present.
Another useful command when reading stdin, if you are reading interactive script commands is to use the info complete command. With this you can just accumulate lines until info complete returns true then evaluate the whole buffer in one.