With Java, how to store around a billion of key-value pairs in a file, with a possibility of dynamically updating and querying the values whenever necessary?
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If for some reason a database is out of the question, then you need to answer the following question about your problem:
What is the mix of the following operations?
Once you have a good guess at the ratio of these operations, try selecting the appropriate data structure for use in your file. I’d recommend starting with this book as a good catalog of options:
http://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Algorithms-Second-Thomas-Cormen/dp/0262032937
You’ll want to select a data structure with the best average and worst case runtimes for your most common operations.
Good Luck