Question

With the ADT plug-in installed, the following builders are active for an Android project:

• Android Resource Manager
• Android Pre Compiler
• Java Builder
• Android Package Builder

Looking at the output directory, the following artifacts are created:

• resources.ap_ (just an APK/ZIP with resources and no code)
• gen/R.java (autogenerated list of resources)
• .class files with java bytecode
• classes.dex
• ${project-name}.apk

For my project, I autogenerate several code artifacts and in general need tighter control of the build process. At first, I figured that the Resource Manager was responsible for creating resources.ap_, the precompiler created R.java, java builder did the obvious, and then the Android Package Builder created classes.dex, then combined classes.dex and resources.ap_ to create the APK file.

I disabled the first two steps and created a custom pre-builder that laid down a copy of resources.ap_, figuring this would be equivalent. No such luck.

Unfortunately, the final Android Package Builder seems to slurp the resources directly from res/ and ignores my resources.ap_. In fact, the first two build steps don’t seem to do much other than generate R.java.

This is where it gets really problematic. If I disable the final build step and lay down my own APK file (with the exact same name), I get the following error:

[2011-02-27 20:25:28 - android-premium] ------------------------------
[2011-02-27 20:25:28 - android-premium] Android Launch!
[2011-02-27 20:25:28 - android-premium] adb is running normally.
[2011-02-27 20:25:28 - android-premium] Could not find android-premium.apk!

So I’m stuck: with the Android Package Builder (which has no discernable configuration), I have to supply individual ./res/ files. Without it, I can’t get the project to launch on the device (not from Eclipse).

Anyone have any better ideas / experience in this space?

Answer 1

Regarding Ant scripts, the following is my all-in-one template of the Ant steps for building an Android app (this might be useful to others trying to translate the Eclipse build to Ant as it is much simpler and more transparent than the opaque version autogenerated with the android tools):

<property name="workspace.dir" value="/workspace" />
<property name="project.dir" location="." />
<property name="android-platform.name" value="android-1.5" />


<!-- Framework Paths -->
<property name="android-sdk.dir" value="${workspace.dir}/EpicFramework/android-sdk"/>
<property name="android-tools.dir" value="${android-sdk.dir}/tools" />
<property name="android-platform.dir" value="${android-sdk.dir}/platforms/${android-platform.name}" />
<property name="android-platform-tools.dir" value="${android-platform.dir}/tools"/>
<property name="android-platform-jar" value="${android-platform.dir}/android.jar"/>
<property name="android-framework-src.dir" value="${workspace.dir}/EpicFramework/EpicAndroid"/>

<!-- Tool Binaries -->
<property name="adb" value="${android-tools.dir}/adb"/>
<property name="apkbuilder" value="${android-tools.dir}/apkbuilder"/>
<property name="aapt" value="${android-platform-tools.dir}/aapt"/>
<property name="dx" value="${android-platform-tools.dir}/dx"/>

<!-- Project Paths -->
<property name="src.dir"   value="${project.dir}/src" />
<property name="gen.dir"   value="${project.dir}/gen" />
<property name="res.dir"   value="${project.dir}/res" />
<property name="lib.dir"   value="${project.dir}/lib" />
<property name="build.dir" value="${project.dir}/bin" />
<property name="build.classes.dir" value="${build.dir}/classes" />

<property name="resources.file" value="${build.dir}/resources.ap_"/>
<property name="dex.file" value="${build.dir}/classes.dex" />
<property name="debug-apk.file" value="${build.dir}/${ant.project.name}-debug.apk"/>


<target name="dirs">
    <echo>Creating output directories if needed...</echo>
    <mkdir dir="${res.dir}" />
    <mkdir dir="${gen.dir}" />
    <mkdir dir="${lib.dir}" />
    <mkdir dir="${build.dir}" />
    <mkdir dir="${build.classes.dir}" />
</target>

<target name="android-resource-src" depends="dirs">
    <echo>Generating R.java from the resources...</echo>
    <exec executable="${aapt}" failonerror="true">
        <arg value="package" />
        <arg value="-M" />
        <arg path="AndroidManifest.xml" />
        <arg value="-S" />
        <arg path="${res.dir}" />
        <arg value="-I" />
        <arg path="${android-platform-jar}" />
        <arg value="-m" />
        <arg value="-J" />
        <arg path="${gen.dir}" />
    </exec>
</target>

<target name="android-compile" depends="android-resource-src">
   <echo>Compiling java files into class files...</echo>
    <javac 
      encoding="ascii"
      target="1.5"
      debug="true"
      extdirs=""
      destdir="${build.classes.dir}"
      includeAntRuntime="false"
      bootclasspath="${android-platform-jar}">
        <src path="${android-framework-src.dir}" />
        <src path="${src.dir}" />
        <src path="${gen.dir}" />
        <classpath>
            <fileset dir="${lib.dir}" includes="*.jar"/>
        </classpath>
     </javac>
</target>

<target name="android-dex" depends="android-compile">
    <echo>Converting compiled files and 3rd party libraries into ${dex.file} ...</echo>
    <apply executable="${dx}" failonerror="true" parallel="true">
        <arg value="--dex" />
        <arg value="--output=${dex.file}" />
        <arg path="${build.classes.dir}" />
        <fileset dir="${lib.dir}" includes="*.jar"/>
    </apply>
</target>

<target name="android-package-resources">
    <echo>Packaging Android resources into ${resources.file} ...</echo>
    <exec executable="${aapt}" failonerror="true">
        <arg value="package" />
        <arg value="-M" />
        <arg path="AndroidManifest.xml" />
        <arg value="-S" />
        <arg path="./res" />
        <arg value="-I" />
        <arg path="${android-platform-jar}" />
        <arg value="-f" />
        <arg value="-F" />
        <arg value="${resources.file}" />
    </exec>
</target>

<target name="android-debug" depends="android-dex, android-package-resources">
    <echo>Packaging app and signing it with the debug key</echo>
    <exec executable="${apkbuilder}" failonerror="true">
        <arg value="${debug-apk.file}" />
        <arg value="-d" />
        <arg value="-z" />
        <arg value="${resources.file}/" />
        <arg value="-f" />
        <arg value="${dex.file}" />
    </exec>
</target>

<target name="android-release" depends="android-dex, android-package-resources">
    <echo>Packaging App without signing, so that it can be signed with the official publishing key ...</echo>
    <exec executable="${apkbuilder}" failonerror="true">
        <arg value="${release-apk.file}" />
        <arg value="-u" />
        <arg value="-d" />
        <arg value="-z" />
        <arg value="${resources.file}/" />
        <arg value="-f" />
        <arg value="${dex.file}" />
    </exec>
    <echo>All generated packages need to be signed with jarsigner before they are published.</echo>
</target>

<target name="android-install" depends="android-debug">
    <echo>Removing all com.epicapplications APK files from default emulator ...</echo>
    <exec executable="${adb}" inputstring="echo hi; rm -f /data/app/com.epicapplications.*; exit;
    ">
        <arg value="shell"/>
    </exec>
    <echo>Installing ${debug-apk.file} onto default emulator...</echo>
    <exec executable="${adb}" failonerror="true">
        <arg value="install" />
        <arg value="-r" />
        <arg path="${debug-apk.file}" />
    </exec>
</target>

What I am looking for is to be able to use all or fragments of this Ant build script, but still have the Eclipse integration for launching and debugging the app.