Writing Junit Tests for my spring application. Because I am new at this I

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Asked: June 4, 20262026-06-04T07:04:51+00:00 2026-06-04T07:04:51+00:00

Writing Junit Tests for my spring application. Because I am new at this I

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Writing Junit Tests for my spring application. Because I am new at this I tried starting off by writing a Unit Test for a DAO class that I know works (ran it in JBoss). However, I cannot get it to work as a Unit Test in Eclipse. I keep getting an “Error creating bean… Could not autowire field: NoSuchBeanDefinition”.

I saw errors similar to this on StackOverflow and other sites and it always ended up being a syntax error or attempting to autowire the Implementation of the interface as opposed to the Interface, etc. I don’t see any of those errors with my code.

I did download Spring-test.jar separately from the Spring configuration that came with the project. Both are from Spring 2.5 however, so I don’t think that should be an issue :/

Eclipse comes bundled with JUnit 4.8 and Spring Unit Test doesn’t work with that so I downgraded my JUnit to use 4.4

One thing to consider… if you look at the code for my Unit Test you will notice that I autowire two fields: a SimpleJdbcTemplate at the Query Service I want to test. Well if I remove the DrugDao and all references to it, then the SimpleJdbcQuery auto-wires just fine.

Here is the stacktrace for your review:

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'tst.hcps.glucosemanagement.dataaccess.DrugDaoTest': Autowiring of fields failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: com.hcps.glucosemanagement.repository.meds.DrugDao tst.hcps.glucosemanagement.dataaccess.DrugDaoTest.dQuery; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [com.hcps.glucosemanagement.repository.meds.DrugDao] is defined: Unsatisfied dependency of type [interface com.hcps.glucosemanagement.repository.meds.DrugDao]: expected at least 1 matching bean
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInstantiation(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:243)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:959)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:329)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:127)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:85)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:231)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:95)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.invokeTestMethod(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:139)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.runMethods(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:51)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner$1.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:27)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:37)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:42)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:49)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: com.hcps.glucosemanagement.repository.meds.DrugDao tst.hcps.glucosemanagement.dataaccess.DrugDaoTest.dQuery; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [com.hcps.glucosemanagement.repository.meds.DrugDao] is defined: Unsatisfied dependency of type [interface com.hcps.glucosemanagement.repository.meds.DrugDao]: expected at least 1 matching bean
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:435)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.injectFields(InjectionMetadata.java:105)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInstantiation(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:240)
    ... 18 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [com.hcps.glucosemanagement.repository.meds.DrugDao] is defined: Unsatisfied dependency of type [interface com.hcps.glucosemanagement.repository.meds.DrugDao]: expected at least 1 matching bean
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:613)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:412)
    ... 20 more

Here is the Interface and Implementation:

DrugDao.java

package com.hcps.glucosemanagement.repository.meds;

import java.util.List;

import com.hcps.glucosemanagement.domain.meds.Drug;

public interface DrugDao {

    public List<Drug> searchDrugsByPrimaryName(String facilityId, String name);

    public List<Drug> searchDrugs(String facilityId, String primaryName, String secondaryName);

}

SpringJdbcDrugQuery.java

package com.hcps.glucosemanagement.repository.meds;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.dao.EmptyResultDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.ParameterizedRowMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.hcps.glucosemanagement.domain.meds.Drug;
import com.hcps.glucosemanagement.repository.DaoOperations;

@Service
public class SpringJdbcDrugQuery extends DaoOperations implements DrugDao {

private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(SpringJdbcDrugQuery.class);

public List<Drug> searchDrugsByPrimaryName(String facilityId, String name) 
{
    return searchDrugs(facilityId, name, null);
}

public List<Drug> searchDrugs(String facilityId, String primaryName, String secondaryName) 
{
    List<Drug> results = null;

    StringBuffer sql = new StringBuffer();    
    HashMap<String, Object> namedParameters = new HashMap<String, Object>();

    if(primaryName==null) return null;

    sql = new StringBuffer();

    sql.append("SELECT");
            ...
        results = simpleJdbcTemplate.query(sql.toString(), new DrugMapper(), 


    return results;
}

private static final class DrugMapper implements ParameterizedRowMapper<Drug> 
{

    public Drug mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
        Drug drug = new Drug();
        drug.setFacilityId(rs.getString("FACILITY_ID"));
        drug.setPrimaryName(rs.getString("PRIMARY_NAME"));
        drug.setSecondaryName(rs.getString("SEC_NAME"));
        return drug;
    }

}
}

DrugDaoTest2.java (located in a separate source folder at first, then tried it in the same folder)

package com.hcps.glucosemanagement.repository.meds;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.SimpleJdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import com.hcps.glucosemanagement.domain.meds.Drug;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={
        "classpath:common-test.xml"
})
public class DrugDaoTest2 {

    @Autowired
    DrugDao dQuery;
    @Autowired
    SimpleJdbcTemplate queryTemplate;

    @Test public void glucoseFetch() {
        List<Drug> rslts = dQuery.searchDrugsByPrimaryName(null, "INSU*");
        assertTrue(rslts.size()>0);
        int i=0;
        System.out.println(i);

    }

    public void setDrugDao(DrugDao drugDao) {
        this.dQuery = drugDao;
    }
}

common-test.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"
>

   <!--
   Test configuration for Spring/JUnit Testing
   -->

  <bean id="contextApplicationContextProvider" class="com.hcps.glucosemanagement.spring.ApplicationContextProvider" />

  <bean id="jmxExporter" class="org.springframework.jmx.export.MBeanExporter" lazy-init="false">
    <property name="beans">
      <map>
        <entry key="bean:name=Log4jJmxServiceMBean" value-ref="glucosemanagement.Log4jJmxService" />
      </map>
    </property>
  </bean>
  <bean id="glucosemanagement.Log4jJmxService" class="com.hcps.glucosemanagement.logging.Log4jJmxService" />

  <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource">
    <property name="basename" value="/WEB-INF/messages" />
  </bean>

  <bean id="parameterMappingInterceptor" class="org.springframework.web.portlet.handler.ParameterMappingInterceptor" />
  <bean id="viewResolverCommon" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
    p:order="2"
    p:cache="false"
    p:viewClass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"
    p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/"
    p:suffix=".jsp"
  />

  <bean id="defaultExceptionHandler" class="org.springframework.web.portlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
    <property name="defaultErrorView" value="../error"/>
    <property name="exceptionMappings">
      <props>
        <prop key="javax.portlet.PortletSecurityException">notAuthorized</prop>
        <prop key="javax.portlet.UnavailableException">notAvailable</prop>
      </props>
    </property>
  </bean>

  <bean id="simpleParameterJdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.simple.SimpleJdbcTemplate">
    <constructor-arg ref="hciDataSource" />
  </bean>

  <bean id="hciDataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" />
    <property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@//vir-tst.com:1521/qar01.world" />
    <property name="username" value="ccuser" />
    <property name="password" value="bueno" />
    <property name="maxActive" value="30" />
    <property name="maxWait" value="30" />
    <property name="maxIdle" value="30" />
  </bean>

</beans>

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1 Answer

Editorial Team · Answer 1 · 2026-06-04T07:04:51+00:00

My mistake: there was another Spring Configuration file referenced elsewhere that I missed. Adding this field and defining setters in my Unit Test for any autowired fields solved the problem.

I am using this checklist now when these types of errors occur:

Make sure that implementing class of Interface type uses “@Service”
annotation
Make sure beans are configured properly in the XML:
Simplest way is to use:

<context:component-scan base-package="com.customization.packagename" />

This adds all classes under the package name
Or create XML Bean Definitions

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