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You can see an interesting table at this link. http://norvig.com/21-days.html#answers
The table described,
Mutex lock/unlock 25 nanosec
fetch from main memory 100 nanosec
Nanosec?
I surprised because mutex lock is faster than fetch data from memory. If so, what mutex lock exactly do? And what does Mutex lock mean at the table?
The article you linked does not mentioned the architecture, but judging by mentions of L1 and L2 cache it’s Intel. If this is so, then I think that by mutex they meant LOCK instruction. In this respect this post seems relevant: Intel 64 and IA-32 | Atomic operations including acquire / release semantic
Also Intel software developer’s manual can help if you know, what you are looking for. I’d read anything relevant I could find about the LOCK instruction.