Question

You should recognize the first tag as an opening php tag (if you don’t you should probably learn php). What follows is a small check that makes sure that this file is being included by Kohana. It stops people from accessing files directly from the url.

http://kohanaframework.org/3.2/guide/kohana/tutorials/hello-world

Answer 1

Let’s assume that your webservers DocumentRoot is /srv/www and you put your example code under /srv/www/application/classes/controller/hello.php.

"stop accessing files directly from URL" means that if a user now navigates to www.example.com/application/classes/controller/hello.php it will not run the script, instead it will display ‘No Direct Script Access’, since SYSPATH is not defined.

http://kohanaframework.org/3.2/guide/kohana/flow