Question

For example, the following is possible:

std::set<int> s;  
std::set<int>::iterator it = s.begin();

I wonder if the opposite is possible, say,

std::set<int>* pSet = it->**getContainer**();  // something like this...

Answer 1

No, there is no portable way to do this.

An iterator may not even have a reference to the container. For example, an implementation could use T* as the iterator type for both std::array<T, N> and std::vector<T>, since both store their elements as arrays.

In addition, iterators are far more general than containers, and not all iterators point into containers (for example, there are input and output iterators that read to and write from streams).