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How can I increment refcount of the HMODULE returned by the GetModuleHandle? Can I DuplicateHandle, or I need to go through hops, retrieve module’s path and then LoarLibrary on that path? In short, I want to emulate GetModuleHandleEx without using this function (which is XP+).
You cannot use DuplicateHandle() on a HMODULE. The MSDN Library article lists the kind of handles that DH will accept in the Remarks section, a module handle is not one of them.
One reason for this is that a HMODULE is not actually a handle at all, it is a pseudo handle. There’s history behind this, back in the 16-bit versions of Windows they actually were handles. But that disappeared in the 32-bit version, they are now simply the address of the module where it is loaded in memory. One pretty standard trick to convert a code address to a module handle is to use VirtualQuery() and cast the returned MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION.BaseAddress to (HMODULE). Very handy sometimes.
Yes, the only other way to increment the reference count is to use LoadLibrary().