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I created a file on my localhost with the following code:
<?php
header('Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8');
echo "yoá";
The output in my Firefox is:
Why the Unicode replacement character?
Because your PHP script file is not saved as UTF-8 from inside your editor. All decent editors allow you to convert between and save as several different encodings (even Notepad does this now). Save in UTF-8 and you will see the character appear normally.
Technical explanation:
The character in question is code point U+00E1 (“latin small letter a with acute”). Supposing that you have saved your script in a single-byte encoding (which is most likely), this character would be represented by the byte with hex value 0xE1, which in binary is
From the UTF-8 encoding rules, we see that this byte falls in the category
which is the first of exactly three bytes that encode a single character in the code point range U+0800 to U+FFFF. However, in your case there are either no more bytes following this one or if there are they do not satisfy the UTF-8 encoding restrictions.
Hence, the browser determines that there is a malformed byte sequence and displays the question mark instead.