Question

I have some knowledge of Python 3 (I’m not a beginner, but I’m not an expert). I’m interested in web development, so I want to use Django. What are the differences between the two versions of Python? How should I switch from 3 to 2.x?

Answer 1

They aren’t so different. Almost everything you learned in Python 3 will transfer to Python 2. I would suggest that you simply dive in. Occasionally you’ll see an error message, but most of the time they’ll be self-explanatory.

My bet is that learning Django will be way harder than getting used to Python 2.

You might find the six library helpful if you want to write code that is robustly backwards-compatible. Otherwise, I can only think of two things that might be important to know in advance as you go backwards to Python 2:

1. Avoid using old-style classes. In Python 3, you can declare a class like this, without any problem:

   class Foo:
       pass
   

   In Python 2, if you do that, you get an old-style class, which you probably don’t want. But you won’t get any error messages about this, so subtle inheritance bugs might arise and stay hidden for a long time before causing problems. So in Python 2, remember to explicitly inherit from object:

   class Foo(object):
       pass
   

2. Avoid using range(n), at least for large values of n. In Python 3, range returns an intelligent iterator, but in Python 2, range returns an actual list. For large ranges, it can burn up a lot of memory. To get the behavior of Python 3’s range in Python 2, use xrange(n). Similar caveats apply to dictionary keys(), values(), and items() methods. They all return lists in Python 2. Use the iterkeys(), itervalues(), and iteritems() methods to save memory.

There are several other excellent answers to this question that cover a few other details, such as unicode support.