I know the HTML specification 4.01 defines 16 color names, but I was wondering if there was any exhaustive specification (RFC?) for color names.
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It’s worth mentioning that the gold standard for color definition is Pantone. Any professional dealing with color in a real-world context will use the Pantone system at some point. It’s commercial, proprietary and expensive, but if you ever deal with commercial or industrial color definition, be that graphical design, textiles, paint, publishing or many other things then you’ll end up using Pantone. Not only does Pantone handle ‘normal’ colors but also oddities like metallics and fluorescents.
That aside, for coding purposes I generally reach for the X11 names as they are comprehensive enough for most purposes and widely used.