I want to know the standard algorithm for converting unicode characters into lowercase as proposed by unicode.org.
Also, do most programming languages follow this proposed standard?
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The basic algorithm is simply to concatenate the lowercase of each individual character (as defined by the penultimate column in UnicodeData.txt). There are also some special rules to handle multiple-character mappings (İ → i̇ with an extra COMBINING DOT ABOVE the i), conditional mappings (Σ → ς at the end of a word, but σ otherwise), and language-sensitive rules (like Turkish dotless ı).
Java does. Python implements the basic rules, but not the special rules. And C has no standardized Unicode support at all.