Question

In google io 2011, David Chandler mentioned that you can chain different request context by using append() method,but in practice, I don’t know how to chain them up while they have different receiver,using to() and then fire()?

Please help.

Answer 1

There are two kinds of receivers: the ones bound to each method invocation (that you pass to the Request‘s to() method), and the context-level one (that you pass to the RequestContext‘s fire() method). The Request‘s fire(Receiver) method is a short-hand for to(receiver).fire(), i.e. it binds the Receiver to the method.

The method-level receivers depend on the method only, their generic parameterization depends on the method’s return value (the generic parameterization of the Request or InstanceRequest), so whether you append() several RequestContexts together changes absolutely nothing.

The context-level receiver is always parameterized with Void. When you append() contexts together, they actually form a single context with several interfaces, so you only call fire() once, on any one of the appended contexts.

Now let’s go back to the basics: without using append(), you can only batch together calls for methods that are declared on the context interface. If you have two distinct context interfaces you want to use, you have to make two fire(), i.e. two HTTP requests. The introduction of append() allows you to batch together calls for methods declared on any context interface: simply append a context to another one and the calls on both contexts will be batched together in the same HTTP request, triggered by a unique fire() on any one of the context being appended.

Now into the technical details: internally, a context is nothing more than a thin wrapper around a state object. When you edit() or create() a proxy, you add it to the internal state, and when you call a service method, the method name (actually, its obfuscated token) and the arguments are captured and pushed to the state as well. When you append() a context, you’re only making it share its internal state with the one of the context you append it to. That way, when you call a service method on the appended context, its pushed on the exact same state as the one of the other context, and when you fire() any one of them, the state is serialized into a single HTTP request.
Note that, to append a context, its own internal state has to be empty, otherwise an exception will be raised, as the state would be thrown away to be replaced by the one of the other context.

In brief, and in practice:

FirstContext first = rf.first();
SomeProxy proxy = first.create(SomeProxy.class);
...
SecondContext second = first.append(rf.second());
OtherProxy other = second.create(OtherProxy.class);
other.setSome(proxy);
...
second.saveAndReturnSelf(other).to(new Receiver<OtherProxy>() {
   ...
});
...
first.fire();

Note that the line that creates and appends the second context could equally be written:

SecondContext second = rf.second();
first.append(second);

The append method returns its argument as a convenience, but it’s really the same value you passed as the argument. This is only to allow writing the one-liner above, instead of being forced to use the two-liner.