Is it possible to prevent someone other than those allowed from tampering with the database. I guess I am asking if there is an method other than the database login to hamper people from tampering with the database? I am aware of privileges and how only access to certain parts of the database for certain users. I am looking for something more in case someone manages to ascertain the correct username/password combination.
I am using this database in conjunction with a web server. The database server and web server are on different machines and behind a hardware firewall. The web server is only accessible through the firewall, and the database server accessible only through the web server.
I guess what I am asking is would it be feasible to create some sort of user control that creates a session id or something similar so that only if that id matches that stored when the user signed on will the query be run.
Yes you have some control on setting which user has what privilege. Of course if they get a hold of the root user password, then I think you may be out of luck.
Check out this link for some information regarding Granting/Revoking privileges.
http://beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-grant-revoke-privileges-roles.htm
Granting Syntax (from link)
Revoke Syntax (from link)
More: Brian added as a comment that Symantec has a nice guide to securing MySQL. I just wanted to add that it contains a lot of very useful information as well, http://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/securing-mysql-step-step