Question

It seems to me that gcc can deal with both c and c++ projects,so why is g++/gcc-c++ needed?

What’s the difference between g++ and gcc-c++?

Answer 1

gcc will compile C source files as C and C++ source files as C++ if the file has an appropriate extension; however it will not link in the C++ library automatically.

g++ will automatically include the C++ library; by default it will also compile files with extensions that indicate they are C source as C++, instead of as C.

From http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Invoking-G_002b_002b.html#Invoking-G_002b_002b:

C++ source files conventionally use one of the suffixes .C, .cc, .cpp, .CPP, .c++, .cp, or .cxx; C++ header files often use .hh, .hpp, .H, or (for shared template code) .tcc; and preprocessed C++ files use the suffix .ii. GCC recognizes files with these names and compiles them as C++ programs even if you call the compiler the same way as for compiling C programs (usually with the name gcc).

However, the use of gcc does not add the C++ library. g++ is a program that calls GCC and treats .c, .h and .i files as C++ source files instead of C source files unless -x is used, and automatically specifies linking against the C++ library. This program is also useful when precompiling a C header file with a .h extension for use in C++ compilations.

For example, to compile a simple C++ program that writes to the std::cout stream, I can use either (MinGW on Windows):

• g++ -o test.exe test.cpp
• gcc -o test.exe test.cpp -lstdc++

But if I try:

• gcc -o test.exe test.cpp

I get undefined references at link time.

And for the other difference, the following C program:

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main() 
{
    int* new;
    int* p = malloc(sizeof(int));

    *p = 42;
    new = p;

    printf("The answer: %d\n", *new);

    return 0;
}

compiles and runs fine using:

• gcc -o test.exe test.c

But gives several errors when compiled using:

• g++ -o test.exe test.c

Errors:

test.c: In function 'int main()':
test.c:6:10: error: expected unqualified-id before 'new'
test.c:6:10: error: expected initializer before 'new'
test.c:7:32: error: invalid conversion from 'void*' to 'int*'
test.c:10:9: error: expected type-specifier before '=' token
test.c:10:11: error: lvalue required as left operand of assignment
test.c:12:36: error: expected type-specifier before ')' token