Question

Please consider this HTML and CSS snippet:

#container {
  border: 1px solid red;
  height: 100px;
  width: 100px;
}

#item {
  border: 1px dashed purple;
  position: absolute;
  left: 50%;
}

<div id="container">
  <div id="item">TEST</div>
</div>

The results surprise me. Looking at the W3 positioning props I’d expect the #item to have its left value at 50% of the "containing block": the #container. However, it seems to be at 50% of the entire page, not just the containing block. Even more surprising: if I tell the overflow of the container to stay hidden the "TEST" will still be there.

All major browsers (including IE9) seem to exhibit the same behavior, so my expectations are probably incorrect. The question then is: what part of the spec explains this behavior, if any?

Answer 1

The absolute positioning is applied relative to the next parent element whose position is not static. In your case, that’s the full page. Try setting position: relative on the container division.
See the jsFiddle.

See: W3C – 10.1 – Definition of “containing block”