In K&R Ch 1:
The statement
++ncpresents a new operator,++, which means increment by one. You could instead writenc = nc + 1, but++ncis more concise and often more efficient.
When would pre-increment be more efficient than the alternative? For most things, at least, the assembly for both is the add (edit: or inc) instruction. When do they differ?
That text is long out dated. It might have been true in the 70’s that compilers would produce more efficient output for ++n, but not any more. All modern compilers will produce identical code.